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Int J Ophthalmol. 2025 Aug 18;18(8):1433-1449. doi: 10.18240/ijo.2025.08.03. eCollection 2025.
ABSTRACT
AIM: To explore the changes in early retinal development after the occurrence of ischemia.
METHODS: Human retinal organoids (hROs) of day 18 or day 30 were treated with oxygen-glucose deprivation and reperfusion (OGD/R) to simulate the retinal ischemia. All hROs were maintained normally until day 60 to evaluate changes in ischemic injuries during retinal development. Paraffin section staining was used for detecting changes in organoid structure and cell number. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and Western blot (WB) analyses were used to observe the change in the expression of retinal cell markers.
RESULTS: In hROs, OGD/R induced the decrease of proliferating cells, inhibited the expression of proliferated marker Ki67 and promoted early apoptosis of retinal cells (P+), retinal progenitor cells (CHX10+) and retinal ganglion cells (TUJ1+/BRN3+/ATOH7+) decreased (PPPP>0.05), demonstrating complete recovery from OGD/R damage.
CONCLUSION: Retinal ischemia damage the retinal development in the short-term. After the restoration of retinal blood supply, the retinal ischemic damage can be recovered during subsequent development. However, retinal ischemic injuries at different developmental stages exhibit varying degrees of reversibility. The earlier ischemic injury occurs, the more difficult it is to repair retinal cell and structure damage.
PMID:40827288 | PMC:PMC12311455 | DOI:10.18240/ijo.2025.08.03