Dynamic polarization of heparan sulfate proteoglycans is involved in planar cell polarity and localization of endogenous Wnt11 during vertebrate neural tube formation.

Planar cell polarity (PCP) on a tissue plane is established by asymmetric polarization of core PCP components in individual cells. Recently, we found that Wnt11 organizes PCP in Xenopus embryos by accumulating locally with core PCP components to be polarized, but not by acting as a directional cue forming a global gradient. Since heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) associate with Wnt on cell membranes, how HSPGs are involved in Wnt polarization and PCP formation is a central issue. Here, we show that HSPGs are dynamically organized in a polarized manner, as with core PCP components and Wnt11, by associating with them. While HSPGs with HS chains enriched by N-sulfation and N-deacetylation are polarized, depending on Wnt and core PCP components, NDST1, which catalyzes these modifications, is required for Wnt11 polarization and PCP formation. Thus, mutual regulation among HS chains, Wnt11, and PCP components appears to be essential for PCP formation. HighlightsO_LIndst1 is required for Wnt11 localization and proper PCP formation. C_LIO_LINDST1-modified HS chains are polarized in the neural plate during development. C_LIO_LIPolarization of NDST1-modified HS chains depends on PCP formation. C_LIO_LIPositive feedback loop results in polarized distribution of HSPGs, Wnt11, and PCP. C_LI Graphical abstract O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=173 SRC="FIGDIR/small/669988v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1"> View larger version (52K): org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@7801eaorg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@c5b218org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@12f61bforg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1ba7a99_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP M_FIG C_FIG